1. Hafler, D.A., Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest, 2004. 113(6): p. 788-94.
2. Dendrou, C.A., L. Fugger, and M.A. Friese, Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol, 2015. 15(9): p. 545-58.
3. Reich, D.S., C.F. Lucchinetti, and P.A. Calabresi, Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med, 2018. 378(2): p. 169-180.
4. Selter, R.C. and B. Hemmer, Update on immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis. Immunotargets Ther, 2013. 2: p. 21-30.
5. Cree, B.A. and H.P. Hartung, Steering through complexity: management approaches in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol, 2016. 29(3): p. 263-71.
6. Calabrese, M., et al., Exploring the origins of grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2015. 16(3): p. 147-58.
7. Weideman, A.M., et al., Meta-analysis of the Age-Dependent Efficacy of Multiple Sclerosis Treatments. Front Neurol, 2017. 8: p. 577.
8. McFarland, H.F. and R. Martin, Multiple sclerosis: a complicated picture of autoimmunity. Nat Immunol, 2007. 8(9): p. 913-9.
9. Banwell, B., Paediatric neurology in 2016: a year in review. Lancet Neurol, 2017. 16(1): p. 14-15.
10. Garg, N. and T.W. Smith, An update on immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav, 2015. 5(9): p. e00362.
11. Howard, J., S. Trevick, and D.S. Younger, Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Clin, 2016. 34(4): p. 919-939.
12. Compston, A. and A. Coles, Multiple sclerosis. Lancet, 2008. 372(9648): p. 1502-17.
13. Karussis, D., The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review. J Autoimmun, 2014. 48-49: p. 134-42.
14. Thompson, A.J., et al., Multiple sclerosis. Lancet, 2018. 391(10130): p. 1622-1636.
15. Banwell, B., et al., Clinical features and viral serologies in children with multiple sclerosis: a multinational observational study. Lancet Neurol, 2007. 6(9): p. 773-81.
16. Waldman, A., et al., Multiple sclerosis in children: an update on clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and research. Lancet Neurol, 2014. 13(9): p. 936-48.
17. DeLuca, G.C., et al., The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 2006. 129(Pt 6): p. 1507-16.
18. Whitehouse, C.E., et al., Comorbid anxiety, depression, and cognition in MS and other immune-mediated disorders. Neurology, 2019.
19. Brownlee, W.J., et al., Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. Lancet, 2017. 389(10076): p. 1336-1346.
20. Thompson, A.J., et al., Applying the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis – Authors’ reply. Lancet Neurol, 2018. 17(6): p. 499-500.
21. Absinta, M., P. Sati, and D.S. Reich, Advanced MRI and staging of multiple sclerosis lesions. Nat Rev Neurol, 2016. 12(6): p. 358-68.
22. Solomon, A.J., et al., The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis: A multicenter study. Neurology, 2016. 87(13): p. 1393-9.
23. Han, S., et al., Comprehensive immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid cells in patients with neuroimmunological diseases. J Immunol, 2014. 192(6): p. 2551-63.
24. Housley, W.J., D. Pitt, and D.A. Hafler, Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol, 2015. 161(1): p. 51-8.
25. Hohlfeld, R., et al., The search for the target antigens of multiple sclerosis, part 1: autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes as pathogenic effectors and therapeutic targets.
The Lancet Neurology, 2016. 15(2): p. 198-209.
26. Lopez-Diego, R.S. and H.L. Weiner, Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis–a multifaceted adversary. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2008. 7(11): p. 909-25.
27. Dargahi, N., et al., Multiple Sclerosis: Immunopathology and Treatment Update. Brain Sci, 2017. 7(7).
28. Keegan, M., et al., Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange. Lancet, 2005. 366(9485): p. 579-82.
29. Ascherio, A. and K.L. Munger, Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: From Risk Factors to Prevention-An Update. Semin Neurol, 2016. 36(2): p. 103-14.
30. Baranzini, S.E. and J.R. Oksenberg, The Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis: From 0 to 200 in 50 Years. Trends Genet, 2017. 33(12): p. 960-970.
31. Ascherio, A., et al., Epstein-Barr virus antibodies and risk of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study. JAMA, 2001. 286(24): p. 3083-8.
32. Ascherio, A. and K.L. Munger, Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection. Ann Neurol, 2007. 61(4): p. 288-99.
33. Ascherio, A. and K.L. Munger, Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part II: Noninfectious factors. Ann Neurol, 2007. 61(6): p. 504-13.
34. Moss, B.P., M.R. Rensel, and C.M. Hersh, Wellness and the Role of Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics, 2017. 14(4): p. 999-1017.
35. Baranzini, S.E., et al., Genome, epigenome and RNA sequences of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis. Nature, 2010. 464(7293): p. 1351-6.
36. Bashinskaya, V.V., et al., A review of genome-wide association studies for multiple sclerosis: classical and hypothesis-driven approaches. Hum Genet, 2015. 134(11-12): p. 1143-62.
37. Jorg, S., et al., Environmental factors in autoimmune diseases and their role in multiple sclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016. 73(24): p. 4611-4622.
38. Wallin, M.T., et al., The prevalence of MS in the United States: A population-based estimate using health claims data. Neurology, 2019.
39. Kingwell, E., et al., Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review. BMC Neurol, 2013. 13: p. 128.
40. Bar-Or, A., et al., Immunopathophysiology of pediatric CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Neurology, 2016. 87(9 Suppl 2): p. S12-9.